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Arthrosis

The surfaces of the bones that form the joint are covered with special hyaline cartilage - smooth, providing the most friction force during the motor skills on the joint surfaces.If arthrosis is diagnosed, it means that cartilage is in the process of destruction.

By progressing, the destructive process is applied to the bones and then to the joint capsule.The disease has a universal code according to the ICD 10-M15-M19, considering it as a class of pathologies of the bone muscle and connective tissues.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world's population suffer from osteoarthritis, most of whom have been adults for 65 years.However, every year there is an anxious tendency to increase the number of sick young people.The diagnosis is not fatal, but arthrosis is insidious with its relapses and the threat of complete damage.

The mechanism of occurrence

The disease develops gradually, four stages can be conditionally distinguished:

  1. Initially, an area appeared in the cartilage area that is poorly provided with blood or damaged.Gradually, in the presence of traumatic factors, the region does not recover, but on the contrary, it grows.
  2. The body, trying to restore destructive cartilage, replaces damaged areas in mineralized tissue that has no clear structure.Such a tissue is generally with a smaller replacement of the hunger, sliding and elastic cartilage Hyalin.
  3. Gradually, the surface of the cartilage occurs in scars and bone growths - osteophytes.
  4. The healthy areas of the load increase several times, wear very quickly and as a result all cartilage becomes a big scar.

If the pathological process is not stopped, the joint will undergo the following adverse changes:

  • The bones are involved in the process of destruction;
  • The synovial sheath is inflamed;
  • The joint capsule becomes more dense, losing its elasticity;
  • The lumen of the joint gap is rapidly decreasing;
  • The bones, without withstanding friction, are deformed by the joint as a whole;
  • The tissues of the joint are reborn, thus there is a complete loss of movement.

Types of arthrosis

Normal joint and arthrosis

This disease affects absolutely any joint surfaces!At the same time, despite the same mechanism of pathology, it is classified into several types.

So, depending on which joints are sick, they distinguish:

  • knee joint arthrosis or patelofmoral arthrosis (shortened gonarthrosis);
  • hip arthrosis (shortened coxarthrosis);
  • shoulder arthrosis;
  • Interphalaced arthrosis;
  • ankle arthrosis;
  • Hand arthrosis;
  • cervical arthrosis;
  • jaw arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of plusnephalanx joint;
  • iliac arthrosis;
  • keyboard-acrocomial arthrosis;
  • temporal arthrosis;
  • heel arthrosis;
  • curved arthrosis that affects the arc processes of the vertebrae (shortened spondylarthrosis);
  • Facetian arthrosis joint on the joints of the spine;
  • Non -converting arthrosis;
  • Rib arthrosis;
  • Taran-plastic arthrosis.

According to the specificity of the pathological process in cartilage tissue, they distinguish:

  • The deformation of arthrosis is the name of the disease that has undergone the final (final) stage;
  • Arthrosoarthritis - the presence of the classic inflammatory process is characteristic;
  • chronic;
  • Acute arthrosis.

For the reasons for the occurrence of pathology, they distinguish:

  • Dystrophic arthrosis of the joints associated with critical metabolic disorder;
  • Fracture arthrosis is caused by appropriate injuries;
  • Post -traumatic arthrosis.

There is another classification - whether the disease is independent or caused by the provocation of factors:

  • Primary, - occurs on a completely healthy cartilage, another name - idiopathic arthrosis or occurs with senile changes related to age;
  • Secondary, - caused by many reasons.

Symptoms of arthrosis

There are quite typical signs of arthrosis of all locations, which, depending on the degree of development of pathology, differ in their severity:

  • Pain, pain, increased with high humidity and hypothermia;
  • reduction of joint mobility;
  • crispy, creaking and intersecting sounds in the movements of the joint surfaces;
  • external changes in the outline of the joint;
  • swelling and swelling;
  • Redness of the skin.

Pain

The very initial signs of disorders are felt by weak or moderate, short -term pain, which almost never occurs at night, but usually occurs only with a load on the surface of the joint.

When the inflammatory processes moved to their last stage, the patient begins to feel unbearable, "biting" pain due to blood stagnation and increased pressure in the joint bag.The pain is characterized by a long duration, at any time of the day and whether the affected area is in the rest or on the move.

Joint

This symptom is characteristic of a rather neglected disease.At the same time, in the early stages, the patient still feels in the morning after waking up, discomfort when moving in the form of a feeling of some restriction.

With the progression of destructive reactions, the patient notices:

  • limiting the amplitude of the usual movements;
  • the inability to change the position of the limbs at rest, even to attempt to limit the joint manually;
  • Strong fixation (contracture) in a certain position of the joint, which has long been in a state of lack of motor activity.

In the end, the fourth stage of the pathology is formed in the form of replacement of joint tissue of scars, with complete loss of functionality.

Sounds in the joint

The crunch can be accompanied by any bone and cartilage dysfunction, not just caused by arthrosis.

However, this disease is characteristic that the sound:

  • occurs only in the joint that hurts;
  • accompanied by movement difficult;
  • It has the ability to intensify with the progression of pathology and falls on the formation of amylosis.

Change the appearance of the joint

Notable changes occur in the short stages.So, the axis of the affected limb is curved and the joint area itself is disfigured - it grows in size, the shape is ugly modified.

All this shows irreversible destruction of the joint, inside which no new tissue is formed without a certain structure.

If such a pathogenic process occurs in the knee, it means that the load and plus joints will increase the load on the ankle joints, which will also damage them over time.

The causes of arthrosis

The pathology can occur in one joint and spread to several.This disease is the less likely to occur at a young age - vitality is still sufficient for the suicide of the body.

Nevertheless, for all age groups the reasons for influence in their direction are: There is: There is:

  • Internal - some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External, - injuries, professional factor.

The internal causes cause a negative change in joint factors in the form of inflammation of the joints.Distinguish inflammation of different origin:

  • infectious (intestinal stick and stick of koch, viruses, chlamydia, staphylococci, pale trepinema, etc.);
  • rheumatism;
  • purulent arthritis;
  • Autoimmune nature;
  • gout;
  • Psoriasis.

In addition, the causes of internal exposure include congenital or acquired disorders of the cartilage structure and malnutrition that may be associated with:

  • genetic malfunctions and mutations;
  • Intrauterine development of abnormalities, including perinatal injuries;
  • old age;
  • osteoporosis, ie"Leaning" of bone tissue of the components of the elements;
  • hormonal disorders and overload, including menopause;
  • disorders of normal metabolism;
  • Disadvantage of nutrition of vitamins and traces of elements;
  • diseases that attract muscle weakness;
  • Internal prolonged intoxication.

The worsening of many diseases of the musculoskeletal skeleton also leads to cartilage degeneration.

External causes of the disease are such factors that damage the joint as:

  • frequent hypothermia;
  • dislocations;
  • strong strokes;
  • fractures;
  • Menisk injections;
  • strong physical activity (weight lifting, for example);
  • professional sport;
  • Surgical joint intervention.

Arthrosis

According to the clinical manifestations and the process of progression of the disease, four stages of arthrosis are distinguished:

  1. First -degree arthrosis, this is the initial stage of arthrosis, which is characterized by hidden symptoms in the form of negative changes in the composition of the synovial fluid and the weakening of muscle fibers, if it occurs, then only with exercise;
  2. Second degree arthrosis is already a feeling of pain due to the destructive joint of the bones and the formation of osteophytes, the reflex neurotrophic regulation is impaired and a sound crisis occurs;
  3. Grade 3 arthrosis is characterized by significant degenerative changes in the joint, its visible deformity with the curvature of the axis of the limb, the ligament is shortened and the joint becomes pathologically mobile;
  4. Grade 4 arthrosis is a complete ankylosis, complete contracture and severe pain even at rest.

All four stages continue unevenly: acute exacerbations and moments of remission are possible during the pathological period.

Arthrosis

Clinically proved that treatment and prevention in the form of elimination of provocative factors of hyaline cartilage damage, although they do not eliminate the disease at the initial stage but stop its development and restore the functionality of the joint.

In general, the disease of low and moderate severity is treated with conservative methods.In the case of serious destruction of cartilage, which involves the destruction of the bones, surgical endoprothetics is indicated.

In addition, the basic principle in treatment is:

  • A comprehensive approach, suggesting the use of several therapeutic methods;
  • Purposefulness, that is, the concentration of efforts to eliminate the disease provoking the disease and consequences.

Folk remedies

It is treated exhaustively, but at home you can further resort to the healing recipes of the healers of people who offer effective treatment of health problems through herbs and beekeeping products.

From plants using:

  • bay leaf in the form of decoctions, vodka tinctures and specially prepared oil used externally, directly to the area of inflammation;
  • The treatment of arthrosis with honey has established itself as a reliable local decoction, in the form of rubber, eliminated inflammation and nourishment of the skin, muscles and cartilage;
  • Cabbage leaf - better than white cabbage - it is a little mixed and wrapped it with a sore spot, insulated with woolen tissue on top and hold all night;
  • aloe juice in the form of compresses and rubbing in the skin;

It also helps with birco of knee arthrosis: the leaf is bandaged to the inflamed area, which is isolated overnight.

Arthrosis preparations

Treatment with drugs related to the classic method of therapy is divided, depending on the dose used, in the medicines:

  • External use, in the form of ointment for arthrosis, rubbing, lotions;
  • injections;
  • arthrosis pills;
  • Capsules.

Ointment

The pharmacological industry produces medical ointments based on natural, highly active components:

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • Heparine ointment.

The Vestaren tool, containing 1% diclofenac, helps well: Voltaren in the form of gel is applied to the skin.

Injection

Injections not only intravenously and intramuscularly, but also directly in the area of damage, such as non -steroidal drugs, are very good in treatment.

So, intraarticular injections are introduced into damaged joint tissues:

  • Glucocorticoids that enhance cartilage tissue, which relieve inflammation and increase elasticity - dipper, hydrocortisone and more.
  • chondroprotectors and analogues of intra -articular fluid, - singer, carbon;
  • Hyaluronic acid such as lubricant and analgesic.

Preparing in the form of tablets and capsules

SO -Handed chondroprotectors for arthrosis containing structural elements of hyaline cartilage are in drug therapy and thus restore it.

These drugs are produced in the form of tablets and capsules intended for oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract (oral).In addition, patients are prescribed NSAIDs -non -steroidal arthrosis inflammatory drugs, stopping acute pain and relief of exacerbation.

Anesthetic agents are also used in the form of a novocaine blockade.

In addition, prescribed complex vitamins for arthrosis.

Natural medicines with local action are recommended for medical bile, administered in the form of compresses to the skin.

Exercises for arthrosis

Special exercises and therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy) whose complex gives physical activity on the unhealthy part of the body sparingly have proven themselves.

Dr. Bubovski and Evdokimenko have developed their own complexes of therapeutic exercises.

Arthrosis massage

It is very useful to affect the treatment and medical massage, which improves the microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet with arthrosis

In this condition, it is important to stick to proper, rational nutrition to slightly improve the patient's condition.Recommended abstinence from overeating, exclusion of animal fats and fried foods.

Which doctor treats arthrosv primarily with complaints of bone joint pain should go to the therapist.It is he who summarizes the history of the patient and wants it in detail that will give a target to the desired narrow specialist.

This can be, depending on the cause of the disease and its type, doctors from such profiles such as:

  • orthopedist;
  • traumatologist;
  • surgeon;
  • Rheumatologist.